從極簡主義觀點探討隱性情感需求之產品設計-以IKEA椅子為例

以目前深受大眾消費者喜愛的品牌來說，APPLE、MUJI、IKEA的產品設計觀點都是秉持極簡主義之理念，因此，得知該設計理念對其企業發展的重要性。以本研究在梳理現代設計史與觀察IKEA後發現，極簡主義除了是讓作品的形式趨向純粹、簡潔之外，它更是一種針對人們需求與環境的反思。所以為促進包容性的永續經濟發展，本研究首先在時代演進的設計巨輪中，尋求以簡馭繁的設計著力點。另一方面也透過觀察法來察看IKEA賣場中的扶手椅、椅凳、沙發椅、電腦椅等類別產品設計，且從中找出傳承的設計實踐價值。接著，為釐清IKEA椅類產品之價值創造與消費者隱性需求的情感連結關係，採用訪談法來探悉消費者內心的情感。隨後將所蒐集到的訪談資料，再以Norman的本能、行為、反思等情感設計三層次進行分析，並從中比較IKEA椅類產品之價值創造是否能符合大眾消費者的期望需求和提升商業經濟發展與降低對環境的影響。研究結果顯示，IKEA由極簡主義的設計觀點中，凝鍊出低價產品、簡約形式、重視功能、堅持品質、轉廢為寶等價值要素，甚至還為了要讓產品構成之價值要素有更好的傳達，IKEA運用同理心的無干擾購物服務來連結並顯化八位受訪者本能、行為、反思層次的隱性情感需求。就不同性別、年齡、收入、背景的八位受訪者表示，在體驗、使用IKEA椅子後，多部份是能產生正向情緒，並認為可以提升生活品質與帶來實用性意義。故本研究推論合乎極簡主義理念所設計的風格產品，是可以吻合大眾消費者的期望需求，同時也能提升商業經濟發展與降低對環境的影響。最後，希望本研究結果能讓企業與設計者帶來更多啟發靈感，以讓產品設計之實踐能達到永續效益的商業模式。

Currently, brands popular among consumers, such as APPLE, MUJI, and IKEA, all embrace the concept of minimalism in their product design. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the significance of this design philosophy for the development of their enterprises. After reviewing the history of modern design and observing IKEA, we have discovered that minimalism not only purifies and simplifies the form of works but also reflects on the needs of people and environment. To foster an inclusive and sustainable economy, this study first sought to focus on design that combines simplicity with complexity amidst the ongoing design revolution. Additionally, we aimed to identify the value of inherited design practices by observing the design of armchairs, chairs, stools, sofa chairs, computer chairs, and other product categories in IKEA outlets. Subsequently, we employed the interview method to explore consumers' inner emotions in order to clarify the relationship between the value creation of IKEA chairs and consumers' implicit emotional needs. Finally, the data collected from the interviews were analyzed using Norman's three levels of emotional design: instinct, behavior, and reflection. This analysis aimed to determine whether the value creation of IKEA's chairs meets consumers' expectations, enhances business and economic development, and reduces the impact on the environment. The findings of the study indicated that IKEA derives its value elements from minimalist design perspectives, such as low-cost products, simple forms, emphasis on functionality, adherence to quality, and transforming waste into treasure. Also, IKEA used empathetic and unobtrusive shopping services to connect with and visualize the hidden emotional needs of the eight respondents at the instinctive, behavioral, and reflective levels, thereby better communicating the value elements of the product composition. According to the eight respondents of different genders, ages, incomes, and backgrounds, after experiencing and using the IKEA chairs, most of them generated positive emotions and felt that the chairs could improve the quality of their lives and provide practical significance. In conclusion, products designed in accordance with the concept of minimalism can meet the expectations of the general public and enhance the economic development of businesses as well while minimizing the impact on the environment. Lastly, it is hoped that the results of this study will inspire more enterprises and designers to adopt a sustainable business model through their product design practices.