臺中市公共親子廁所空間使用後評估之研究

親子廁所友善條款立意在於建構良好的育兒環境，提供照顧者能夠方便帶著孩子去使用。目前國內雖設有「公共場所親子廁所盥洗室設置辦法」的規範，但許多公共場所因建物老舊及空間有限而無法著實改善親子廁所環境，且空間面積、內部空間規劃與設備內容皆有所不同。當今法令規範著重於各場所類別的設置與設備尺度建議，空間規劃方面較為不足，因此尚無法提供親子廁所較為完整設計的參考。本研究以使用者的觀點出發，以臺中市「圖書館」、「百貨公司」、「公園」等三個類別22間親子廁所為研究對象，首先透過文獻探討、個案現況調查、網路問卷調查等方式，了解既有親子廁所的空間規劃與使用者的問題需求；其次進行親子廁所使用者訪談，經由親子廁所使用者的敘述，檢視前者空間使用問題、需求與使用者行為模式的關係。最後分析不同親子廁所空間型態規劃對使用者需求性的影響，積極建立親子廁所環境相關基礎資料，以供日後相關單位評估與運用。
研究發現在「空間規劃」方面，臺中市親子廁所可分為「獨立型」、「複合型」、「依附型」等三種類型。其中「公園」類(43%)親子廁所有朝向「複合型」親子無障礙廁所規劃趨勢，面積50%在4.1~6.0㎡區段；「圖書館」類(100%)及「百貨公司」類(60%)大多為「獨立型」親子廁所，面積最小為2.1㎡，最大至9.0㎡以上規劃。
在「環境行為」方面，依成人協助不同年齡幼兒的如廁行為，大致可區分為「被動協助」、「協助行為」、「獨自完成」等三種行為模式；「被動協助」行為對應年齡2.5歲以下嬰幼兒，所需設備以「尿布臺」、「兒童安全座椅」的使用率較高。「協助行為」及「獨自完成」對應年齡為3~6歲幼兒，設備以「兒童洗面盆」、「兒童馬桶」的需求性較高。此外幼兒3歲過後，照顧者具體出現隱私性需求，如廁時感到心理開始有壓力，其中「注視大人如廁」對應「異性別組成」現象最為明顯。
本研究依據使用對象的研究結果與親子廁所使用的舒適性，提出「最基本使用空間」面積值(270x235公分)和「最舒適性使用空間」面積值(276x275公分)等兩個空間規劃建議。並針對未來設計親子廁所的需求性制定「親子廁所空間設備內容一覽表」供未來設計者參考。

The friendly terms of the family restroom are aimed at constructing a good parenting environment and parents with the convenience of taking them with their children. At present, although there are specifications for " The Setting Method For The Family Restroom and Bathroom in Public Places ",many public places cannot improve the environment of family restroom due to the old construction and limited space, and the space area, internal space planning and equipment content are different. Today's laws and regulations focus on the setting of various site categories and equipment size recommendations, and spatial planning is incomplete. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a reference for the relatively complete design of family restroom. This study is based on the user's point of view. The 22 family restrooms in the three categories of "Library", "Department store" and "Park" in Taichung City are studied. First, through literature explore, case investigation, and internet survey, etc., to understand the spatial planning of the family restroom and the user's problem needs; secondly, interviews with family restroom users, through the narratives of family restroom users, to examine the space use problem, the relationship between the demand and the user behavior mode. Finally, the paper analyzes the impact of different family restroom space configuration on user demand, and actively establishes basic information related to the family restroom for future evaluation and use by relevant units.
The study found that in terms of "space planning", Taichung City's family restroom can be divided into three types: "independent", "composite" and "dependent".Among the "parks" (43%) family restroom, there is a trend toward "composite" barrier-free family restroom, with an area of 50% in the 4.1-6.0m2 section; "library" (100%) and "department store " Most of the (60%) are "independent" family restroom with a minimum area of 2.1 m2 and a maximum of 9.0 m2 or more.
In terms of "environmental behaviour", the behavior of children who are assisting children of different ages can be roughly classified into three types: "passive assistance", "assistance behavior" and "independent completion".
The "passive assistance" behavior corresponds to infants under the age of 2.5. The equipment required is "diaper table" and the "child safety seat" is used at a higher rate. The "assisted behavior" and "independent completion" are for children aged 3 to 6 years old. The equipment is equipped with "child wash basin" and " child toilet " is highly demanding. In addition, after the child is 3 years old, the adult caregiver has a specific need for privacy. When parents go to the toilet, they feel that they are under pressure. Among them, "watching adults lack privacy in using the toilet" corresponds to the "different gender combination" phenomenon is more obvious.
Based on the research results of the users and the comfort of the family restroom, this study proposes two spatial planning proposals such as “basic use space” area value of (270x235cm) and “most comfortable use space” area value of (260×275 cm), and design family restroom for the future. And to develop the demand for the design of family restroom on the "List of Family Restroom Space Equipment Contents" for future designers.