牙醫診所室內空氣品質改善之研究

醫療院所當中，牙醫部門的打磨、貼片、治療與牙模製作，因為醫藥材料中的溶劑需要快速揮發以縮短患者張嘴的時間，以及醫療行為造成的粉塵飛散，因此空氣汙染源的逸散特別嚴重。本研究初步針對牙醫診所進行調查，發現與大型醫院牙醫部門的問題相仿，尤其是診所的大量裝修與空調系統幾乎沒有換氣處理，造成汙染物長期累積在室內危害醫護人員與患者及家屬的身體健康。本研究透過大量的牙醫診所現況調查，從醫療行為、空間配置、通風路徑、醫藥材料使用與換氣設備等，確實掌握問題與空氣汙染分佈現象，並了解醫藥材料中的有機揮發性物質及其相關特性，作為後續改善設計時之參考；並藉由量測結果進行擴散分析與空間分佈模擬，同時將調查結果及汙染物影響特性(包含汙染源位置、擴散濃度、空間配置、通風路徑與出迴風口等)進行分析，之後提出改善設計手法。挑選一調查案例進行相關實驗(包含植栽降解甲醛效益分析)，並提出改善建議與實作，量測改善前後之室內空氣品質，確認模式可行，以歸納比對出最佳化設計，進而提出牙醫診所之設計通則；以減少錯誤的設計對於其內醫護人員與患者造成健康之影響，也可提供設計者與研究者未來應用之參照。

Among the medical institutions, the sanding, sticking, treatment and dental modeling of the dentist department are particularly serious in indoor air pollution because of the need to shorten the patient's mouth opening time. This study initially surveyed on a dental clinic and found the similar problems as the dentist departments of large hospitals, because of the large number of decoration and air-conditioning systems without air exchange causing long-term accumulation of pollutants in the rooms and endangering the health of doctors, healthcare staffs, patients and their families. It is hoped that through the investigation of the current status of a large number of dental clinics, the dental behavior, plane arrangement, ventilation routes, material use and ventilation equipment, and also understanding of organic volatile materials and their related characteristics, as references for renovated design concepts. Diffusion calculation and distribution simulation are carried out by the measurement results (including location of pollutants, diffusion concentration, space arrangement, ventilation route, and opens position). Then proposed the design method to improve the troubles in IAQ, to select a surveyed case for diluted experiments (including plant degradation of formaldehyde), and proposed the improvement suggestions to renewal the exist dental clinic to confirm the model is feasible. Based on study results to summarize the optimal design, and propose the Design rules of dental clinic. The propose is reducing the impact of the wrong design on the health of the medical staff and patients, it can also provide a reference for future applications of designers and researchers.