Repository logo
  • English
  • 中文
  • Log In
    Have you forgotten your password?
Repository logo
    Communities & Collections
    Research Outputs
    Fundings & Projects
    People
    Organizations
    Statistics
  • English
  • 中文
  • Log In
    Have you forgotten your password?
  1. Home
  2. 商學院
  3. 企業管理系
  4. 企業管理系研究成果
  5. 一代健保與二代健保對被保險人家戶財務負擔公平性之比較分析
 
  • Details
Options

一代健保與二代健保對被保險人家戶財務負擔公平性之比較分析

Other Title
Comparing of the Fairness in the Financial Burnden of the Insured Household between the First and Second Program of National Health Insurance
Date Issued
2006-08-31
Author(s)
楊淑琳
事業經營研究所
Advisor
王親仁
URI
https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh1?DocID=U0061-1811200915323738
Abstract
我國政府於1995年3月1日開辦全民健康保險,成為我國社會安全制度中最重要的一環,全民健保財務負擔的公平性,一直是政府部門、民間及學界關心的議題。現行全民健保即本文所謂之一代健保,而2001年7月1日行政院成立二代健保規劃小組,經通盤檢討現行制度,爰擬具「全民健康保險法」修正草案此乃所謂之二代健保。
本研究利用1999年至2005年台灣地區家庭收支調查、全民健康保險統計及2005年全民健康保險精算報告等資料,以被保險人家戶使用全民健保所提供之醫療服務,而應繳納之保費及部分負擔等財務負擔占家戶所得之比例、吉尼係數、集中係數及卡瓦尼係數等指標,作為比較一代與二代健保被保險人家戶財務負擔之公平性,並檢視依試算表試算之二代健保保費是否能否改善一代健保被保險保費計算方式之缺失。
若綜合所得按戶數十等分位分,其家戶財務負擔占所得比,在一代健保實施後,同年內10個等分位之家戶其所負擔保費占所得比例呈現明顯的累退現象,至於二代健保依估算保費,其家戶負擔之保費占所得比率,除第一及第二級等分位家戶呈現累退外,其餘家戶保費負擔比例均為固定,顯示以家戶單位計費之二代健保較一代健保符合「量能原則」及「垂直性公平」;若計入部分負擔,無論一代健保或二代健保之被保險人家戶,其財務負擔占家戶所得比率,均呈累退現象,惟二代健保的累退程度較一代健保為小。
若以家戶保費分配百分比及所得分配百分比來看,則一代及二代健保之卡瓦尼係數均為負,即家戶的保費負擔呈現累退現象,惟一代健保的卡瓦尼係數較二代健保為小,表示一代健保之家戶保費的累退程度大於二代健保。就保費負擔比例之累退程度來看,二代健保較一代健保符合垂直性公平;若保費加計部分負擔後之卡瓦尼係數,則一代健保與二代健保均變小,表示家戶就醫時所繳納之部分負擔,會提高家戶財務負擔的累退程度;另對一代健保之家戶保費及部分負擔分配百分比予以檢定,在95%顯著水準下財務負擔分配百分比等於所得分配百分比,其結果與二代健保一樣,無所得重分配效果。
綜合所得按戶內人口數分,一代健保同年內不同戶內人數在6人以下之家戶其保費占所得比例隨著戶內人數的增加而遞增,呈現累進現象,而戶內人數在7人以上之家戶其保費占所得的比例增減情形互見;至於二代健保所有家戶其保費占所得的比例均固定為3.14%,未受戶內人數影響,顯示二代健保之家戶財務負擔較具垂直性公平。若比較不同戶內人數家戶其保費占所得比例的遞增情形,一代健保受健保計費眷口數以3口為上限的規定,以戶內人數為3人至4人的家戶的遞增程度最大,而二代健保估算家戶應繳納之平均健保費,均符合每人每月應繳保費3000元上限及300元下限規定,即保費負擔占所得比例固定不會因戶內人口數而變動。由此可見,二代健保被保險人家戶財務負擔較一代健保公平;一代健保戶內人數因其保費分配百分比小於所得分配百分比,故家戶保費負擔的分配對戶內人數在4人以下者較為有利;而二代健保家戶之保費分配百分比和所得分配百分比均相符,較一代健保符合垂直性公平。另一代健保及二代健保家戶之保費負擔均無所得重分配效果,即保費負擔雖呈累退,但未造成所得重分配。
另試算之二代健保保費,因有每月應繳保費上限及下限規定,使得低所得級距及高所得級距家戶,與一代健保被保險人家戶財務負擔一樣,其繳納之保險費率均呈累退狀態,即綜合所得相同的家戶因家戶人口數不同,而產生所負擔的保費占所得的比率不同現象,同時違反水平公平及垂直公平。
Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (the first NHI) program has been implemented since 1995. Fairness is widely acknowledged to be an important object in the field of health care. For promoting the quality and efficiency of NHI program, the government wants to make a significant reform of NHI called”the second NHI”,
The study dates from the 1999~2005 Report on the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan Area, National Health Insurance Annual Statistics Report and the 2005 Report of the Precise Calculating Premium of NHI are adopted to calculate the proportion of premium to household income, Gini coefficient, premium concentration coefficient and Kawani index for comparing the fairness in the financial burden of the insured household between the first and second program of NHI, then examine the premium sheet of the second NHI whether it could improve the defects of the first NHI.
According to the average family income and expenditure per household by ten equal divisions of household, results show the premium rate whatever the first NHI or second NHI program tends to be a regressive way of raising revenue, though the second NHI program is less regressive then the first. Both the first and second NHI program, the deductible enlarges the regression.
According to the average family income expenditure per household by size of household, the proportion of premium to household income is constant under the second NHI program, it does not be effected by the numbers of the dependents, but the dependents seems to increase the premium rate under the first NHI program.
According the premium sheet of the second NHI, inequities favor the higher and lower income groups because they appear regressive way of raising revenue.
In general, the second NHI program is fairer than the first whatever vertical equity or horizontal equity for the insured household.
Subjects
一代健保
二代健保
量能原則
垂直性公平
the First NHI
the Second NHI
ability to Pay
vertical equity
Type
master thesis

Built with DSpace-CRIS software - Extension maintained and optimized by 4Science

  • Cookie settings
  • Privacy policy
  • End User Agreement
  • Send Feedback